Causes of pelvic pain: Pelvic pain in women is often a symptom of a gynecological health issue. Many women surprisingly mistake pelvic pain as a common abdominal health issue, such as indigestion, constipation, or IBS.

Endometriosis

The endometrium lines your uterus. When a tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows on other parts, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic spaces. The condition is known as endometriosis. This condition can not only impact the menstrual cycle but also fertility and pregnancy. The most prominent sign of endometriosis includes significant pelvic pain. The other symptoms may include irregular periods and pain during and after sexual intercourse. Endometriosis is one of the most common causes of pelvic pain in women.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Urinary tract infection is common in women. The risk is higher in women due to their typical anatomy of the urinary tract system. The condition develops due to the infection with E. coli bacteria. The infection can occur at any part of the urinary system—such as the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidneys. An infection involving the urethra and bladder can be painful and becomes serious when it affects the kidneys.

Pelvic pain in the center of the pelvis and around the area of the pubic bone is a common symptom of UTI. The other symptoms may include lower abdominal pressure or pain, a burning sensation, and a strong urge to urinate.

Ovarian cysts

Fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside an ovary are mostly benign (non-cancerous). Ovarian cysts are common and mostly resolve on their own without causing any symptoms. However, sometimes, they can cause bloating, lower abdominal pain, and menstrual irregularities. Sometimes ovarian cysts persist and grow in size, causing abdominal pressure and severe pelvic pain. An enlarged ovarian cyst can twist, turn, and then burst, eventually leading to shooting pelvic pain. If an ovarian cyst bursts, it may require an emergency surgical intervention. During a routine gynecological check-up, a gynecologist performs a pelvic examination and an abdominal ultrasound to spot an ovarian cyst.

Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are growths of the uterus that develop inside or on its walls. They may vary in number and size. Some are very small, and others can grow to the size of an apple. Uterine fibroids often cause no symptoms. However, their size, number, and location can influence symptoms. Painful, heavy, longer, or more frequent periods are common symptoms. Constipation, abdominal pressure, lower back pain, and pain in the pelvic region are the other symptoms. An experienced gynecologist may decide whether to treat the fibroids or remove them.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

It is the infection of the pelvic organs in women, which is a result of sexually transmitted diseases. It is the most prominent (preventable) cause of infertility in women. Untreated PID can lead to permanent damage to the fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, and other pelvic organs. Painful urination or sex, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, and pelvic pain are the symptoms of PID. It is mostly treated with antibiotics.

Bottom Line

Your pelvic pain can be due to endometriosis, ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), urinary tract infections (UTIs), PMS or menstrual cramps, uterine fibroids, uterine polyps, appendicitis, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, if you experience lower abdominal pressure or pelvic pain, then see an experienced gynecologist to diagnose the underlying cause.

Remember! Early diagnosis can ensure prompt treatment.